I asked my mother about her brother HiroshiÕs experience taking over the family business.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
Was your younger brother happy about taking over the shoe store?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
I think he wanted to be a school teacher. He attended Waseda University, one of the best, in Tokyo. As soon as he graduated he took over the business. I got married and left home. It was a gradual taking over...Hiroshi was an apprentice - - -father gradually retired.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
Tell me about the photograph of the shoe factory.
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
We are celebrating the drafting of my father into the Japan-China war. The boy on the left is Hiroshi... I am on the far right and next to me is my uncle, Toru. The others are factory workers.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
Did you work in the factory?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
Yes, I helped out.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
What happened to the factory?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
The shoe factory burned in the war. We just had the selling part left. After the war, Japanese style changed. People didn't wear kimono as much Ñ and so didn't wear Geta as much Ñ because of the American presence. We imported American culture after everything burned. We lost the war and had to start from ashes. We had to remake the school system and, we felt, the Japanese had to catch up with the rest of the world. We were eager to assimilate life in the U.S. We looked up to America. There was not much to sell after the war. Sneakers. School children needed sneakers. And we still sold Geta. And gradually, vinyl shoes, slippers, boots...Hiroshi was born in 1932 and took over the shoe store in about 1954, when he was 22.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
Do you think his son will take over the shop?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
No, Hiroshi doesnÕt expect that. Satoshi works in the local government.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
What will they do with the shop?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
They ...donÕt know what to do with the shop now. They may close it. It is difficult to compete with the big department stores. But they have a contract with the schools for sneakers, for the shoes children wear with school uniforms.
PROFESSOR MIYAGAWA:
How long has the shop been in the family?
MRS. MIYAGAWA:
My grandfather started the shoe business. These days sons take over their family business, but usually, if they donÕt want to, the parents donÕt force it.
Since this interview, Satoshi retired from the government to pursue a career as a graphic designer.
MY MOTHERÕS DESCRIPTION OF DIARY PHOTOS, PAGE 5
ÒThe SistersÓ - photo taken at my nieceÕs wedding (HiroshiÕs daughter, Midori). From left to right: Taeko, Natsue, Aiko, Mitsuko, Reiko, Yukiko. Usually kimonos worn to a wedding (or a funeral) are black. Kimonos worn to a funeral are all black, but kimonos worn to a wedding are black with colorful designs on the lower part. I am wearing a purple kimono to this wedding because I had just had it made. Kimonos like this are expensive and cost $2,000 to $3,000. Also, a sash (obi) which is made of heavy silk and hand woven would cost $3,000 - $4,000. It costs $500 to rent a formal kimono, and I did not want to rent one when I had just bought a new one.
JAPANESE COOKING
ÒIt is said that Japanese food is eaten first with the eyes and so how the dish looks is primary.Ó -Donald Richie
There are only a few principles in Japanese cooking, but they are important: freshness, appearance, and flavor. Preparation is very important, and a novice chef must learn the right way of cutting a vegetable over many weeks to pass muster. An apprentice is also taken to the wholesale markets to learn with the master how to purchase the freshest and highest quality produce and fish.
Rice has been always considered the staple food of the Japanese people. Occasionally, Japanese eat noodles instead of rice. Recently, bread has become popular, particularly among the young in Japan.
The Japanese diet is based on vegetables and fish. But since World War II, the Japanese people have been introduced to many Western styles of cuisine. Fast foods (also called instant foods) have become very popular in Japan. People buy ready-made meals at convenience stores, in addition to going to fast food restaurants. You can see many fast food restaurantsÑnot only Western types of fast food restaurants such as McDonaldÕs and Kentucky Fried Chicken, but also Japanese types such as noodle stands. Department stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores in Japan also sell a wide variety of precooked and ready-prepared foods.
ON EDUCATION AND FEUDALISTIC THINKING
Before the Meiji Restoration, schooling tended to focus on Confucian values -- touting obedience and hard work for the lower classes and leadership virtues for the elite. It also encouraged filial piety and the proper maintenance of the Four Relationships: father-son, elder brother-younger brother, husband-wife, and lord-vassal. Women were meant to be "ryosai kembo ", or "good wives, wise mothers", and all were to observe the roles assigned to them. Eldest sons in particular were to inherit property, but also to care for their parents, younger sons were to found their own "branch" families. Women were to follow the "Three ObedienceÕs": to father when young, to husband when married, to son when widowed.
SCAP
Supreme Commander of Allied Powers (in the person of American General Douglas MacArthur).